Three former governors general have released memoirs: the Lord Tweedsmuir (Memory Hold-the-Door), Vincent Massey (On Being Canadian and What's Past is Prologue), and Adrienne Clarkson (Heart Matters). Others were made governors in other countries or territories: the Viscount Monck was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Dublin, the Earl of Aberdeen was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and the Earl of Dufferin, the Marquess of Lansdowne, The Earl of Minto, and The Earl of Willingdon all subsequently served as Viceroy of India. Former Governors General Since 1867, Canada has been served by 30 governors general … OTTAWA — The first indigenous Canadian to assume the post of governor general addressed the public in her first language, Inuktitut, and promised to work . All of these honours are retained following an incumbent's departure from office, with the individual remaining in the highest categories of the orders, and they may also be further distinguished with induction into other orders or the receipt of other awards. The squadron uses Bombardier Challenger 600 VIP jets to transport the governor general to locations within and outside of Canada. The viceregal household aids the governor general in the execution of the royal constitutional and ceremonial duties and is managed by the Office of the Secretary to the Governor General. The Governor General highlights the outstanding performance of Canadian athletes. By Reuters. [26] Calls for just such an individual to be made viceroy came again in the late 1930s,[27] but it was not until Vincent Massey's appointment by King George VI in 1952 that the position was filled by a Canadian-born individual. Until 1952, all governors general were also either peers or sons of peers, and were born beyond Canada's borders. March 21, 2021 9.06am EDT. Although required by the tenets of constitutional monarchy to be nonpartisan while in office, governors general were often former politicians; a number held seats in the British House of Lords by virtue of their inclusion in the peerage. It's official. The Governor General is the representative of The Queen in Canada. "[62] The office itself does not, however, independently possess any powers of the royal prerogative, only exercising the Crown's powers with its permission; a fact the Constitution Act, 1867 left unchanged. This includes handing out medals, visiting hospitals, cutting ribbons, attending banquets and greeting world leaders at the airport. The Queen, on the advice of her Canadian prime minister,[1] appoints a governor general to carry on the Government of Canada in her own right, and, as ex officio viceroy, most of her constitutional and ceremonial duties, that is, the royal prerogative. The selected person is commissioned for an unfixed period though holders typically serve for five years. [143] He presided over Canada's centennial celebrations and the coincidental Expo 67, to which French president Charles de Gaulle was invited. Julie . There was some trepidation about this departure from tradition and Massey was intended to be a compromise: he was known to embody loyalty, dignity, and formality, as expected from a viceroy. Provincial viceroys, however, are able to reserve royal assent to provincial bills for the governor general, which was last invoked in 1961 by the lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan.[75]. [104] When the governor general undertakes a state visit, however, the national flag is generally employed to mark his or her presence. Queen … [n 4] In such a circumstance, or if the governor general leaves the country for longer than one month, the chief justice of Canada (or, if that position is vacant or unavailable, the senior puisne justice of the Supreme Court) serves as the administrator of the Government of Canada and exercises all powers of the governor general. Mary Simon, an Inuk leader and former Canadian diplomat, has been named as Canada's next governor general - the first Indigenous person to serve in the role. Alistair Fraser in his web-book on The Flags of Canada notes that after there were flags approved for the Governor General, Lt. Governors, the Canadian Illustrated News (1871) decided . [156] Instead, Sauvé's tenure as governor general was book-ended by a series of appointments—Edward Schreyer, Ray Hnatyshyn, and Roméo LeBlanc—that have been generally regarded as mere patronage postings for former politicians and friends of the incumbent prime minister at the time,[n 15][78][149] and despite the duties they carried out, their combined time in the viceregal office is generally viewed as unremarkable at best, and damaging to the office at worst. The official duties of the Governor General of Canada include: reading the Speech from the Throne which outlines … Under the orders' constitutions, the governor general serves as Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of Canada,[97] Chancellor of the Order of Military Merit,[98] and Chancellor of the Order of Merit of the Police Forces. LeBlanc's strong ties to the Liberal Party led other party leaders to protest his appointment by boycotting his installation ceremony. [7] It is also stipulated that the governor general may appoint deputies—usually Supreme Court justices and the secretary to the governor general—who can perform some of the viceroy's constitutional duties in his or her stead,[64] and the chief justice of the Supreme Court (or a puisne justice in the chief justice's absence) will act as the administrator of the government upon the death or removal, as well as the incapacitation, or absence of the governor general for more than one month. The governor general of Canada (French: Gouverneure générale du Canada) is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth … [140] As his viceregal tenure neared an end, it was thought that Massey, an anglophone, should be followed by a francophone Canadian; and so, in spite of his Liberal Party attachments, Georges Vanier was chosen by Conservative prime minister John Diefenbaker as the next governor general. [89][90] Additional costs are incurred from separate ministries and organizations such as the National Capital Commission, the Department of National Defence, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.[91]. There have been, from time to time, proposals put forward for modifications to the selection process of the governor general. Governor General of Canada. Not Now. "[31] Clarkson was the first governor general in Canadian history without either a political or military background, as well as the first Asian-Canadian and the second woman, following on Jeanne Sauvé. [100] As acting commander-in-chief, the governor general is further routinely granted the Canadian Forces Decoration by the chief of the Defence Staff on behalf of the monarch. [43] However, Justin Trudeau did not make use of a selection committee when he recommended Julie Payette as Johnston's successor in 2017. [50], The governor general acts within the principles of parliamentary democracy and responsible government as a guarantor of continuous and stable governance and as a nonpartisan safeguard against the abuse of power. The result is impressive: between 1936 and 2017, 705 titles have been recognized with this prestigious award. Soldier, spy, politician, bestselling thriller writer, and governor general of Canada — John Buchan was a man of many seasons and talents. ", "Canada's top judge is now acting Governor General, but expert urges speedy replacement", Governor General of Canada > Former Governors General, Department of Canadian Heritage > A Crown of Maples – Appendices > Governors/Governors General of Canada, Secretary to the Governor General of Canada, Vancouver Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, and British Columbia (1849–71), Advisory Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments, The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Armed Forces, The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada, Governors, civil commissioners, and administrators of British dependencies, Commissioner for the British Antarctic Territory, Commissioner for the British Indian Ocean Territory, Commissioner for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Governor-General of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Governors of British South African colonies, Lieutenant-Governor of Demerara-Essequibo, Governor of Saint Christopher, Nevis and Anguilla, Governor-in-Chief of the Windward Islands, Governor-General of the West Indies Federation, Governor of Rhode-island and Providence Plantations, High Commissioner for the Federated Malay States, General Adviser to the Government of Johore, High Commissioners for Palestine and Transjordan, High Commissioner for the Western Pacific, Lieutenant Governor of the Swan River Colony, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_general_of_Canada&oldid=1042604959, Articles with dead external links from March 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles to be expanded from October 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Johnston stated in his inaugural address: "[We want to be] a society that innovates, embraces its talent and uses the knowledge of each of its citizens to improve the human condition for all. The Governor General of Canada is the country's link to the Queen of England. An Inuk leader who has served as a Canadian diplomat has been named the country's first Indigenous representative of the crown The most recently deceased former governor general, Roméo LeBlanc (1995–1999), died on 24 June 2009. Governor General of Canada and Representative of Her Majesty The Queen … The hyphenated form 'Governor-General of Canada' is also commonly used, but this is unofficial. A prominent Inuk … Similarly, the viceroy administers and distributes the Governor General's Awards, and will also give out awards associated with private organizations, some of which are named for past governors general. Beginning in 1959, it has also been traditional to alternate between anglophone and francophone officeholders—although many recent governors general have been bilingual. Payette, a former astronaut from Quebec, was appointed governor general in 2017 in part because Ottawa has invented a tradition where every second governor general must be French-Canadian. The leader of His Majesty's Loyal Opposition at the time, William Lyon Mackenzie King, felt Buchan should serve as governor general as a commoner;[96] however, King George V insisted he be represented by a peer. The federal government has kicked off its efforts to choose a new governor general to . She was nominated on 6 July 2021 to replace Julie Payette, who had resigned in January; Richard Wagner, the chief justice of Canada, had served as Administrator of the Government of Canada in the interim.[14]. Vanier was subsequently appointed by Queen Elizabeth II in person at a meeting of her Canadian Cabinet,[141] thus initiating the convention of alternating between individuals from Canada's two main linguistic groups. See more of Governor General of Canada on Facebook. During the ceremony, the following new ambassadors will present their credentials to the governor general: These viceroys spent a relatively limited time in Canada, but their travel schedules were so extensive that they could "learn more about Canada in five years than many Canadians in a lifetime". However, the governor-in-chief directly governed only Quebec. [55][56], Past governor general the Marquess of Lorne said of the job: "It is no easy thing to be a governor general of Canada. The Salary Legislation page tracks the history of the laws that set the Governor General's and parliamentarians' salaries. [107][108] The explorer Samuel de Champlain became the first unofficial Governor of New France in the early 17th century,[n 9] serving until Charles Huault de Montmagny was in 1636 formally appointed to the post by King Louis XIII. The independent review had been ordered by the government last July when allegations of a "toxic" climate at Rideau Hall -- the official . The sovereign has unrestricted freedom of choice ... We leave that to Her Majesty in all confidence. Extensive hospitality and travel within Canada make the governor … Canada's new governor general, Mary Simon, is poised to engage in her most challenging diplomatic mission yet July 14, 2021 11.01am EDT Robert Tay-Burroughs … He or she will host members of Canada's royal family, as well as foreign royalty and heads of state, and will represent the Queen and country abroad on state visits to other nations,[76][73] though the monarch's permission is necessary, via the prime minister, for the viceroy to leave Canada. [102] To mark the viceroy's presence at any building, ship, airplane, or car in Canada, the governor general's flag is employed. While it was she who created the Canadian Heraldic Authority, as permitted by letters patent from Queen Elizabeth II, and who championed youth and world peace, Sauvé proved to be a controversial vicereine, closing to the public the grounds of the Queen's residence and self-aggrandizingly breaching protocol on a number of occasions. [Ian Profiri is JURIST's Staff Correspondent for Canada. Today, it's said that the governor general's primary job is to "represent the monarchy in Canada" and generally perform the sorts of symbolic, figurehead duties associated with the Queen herself. John Buchan 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, had a remarkable life and here is his wonderfully written and fascinating memoir. The amount of this salary is listed in the Public Accounts of Canada. 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