[115] Further on, he was asked to adjudicate on border disputes between Mongolia and China. He later extended this to cover Tsang,[29] where he constructed a fourth great monastery, Tashi Lhunpo, at Shigatse. Such feats are accomplished on the basis of sophisticated yogic practices that principally involve mentally penetrating the essential points within the body where the cakras, or energy centers, are located. and troops[which?] For security reasons he was moved to Derge monastery and eventually, in 1716, now also backed and sponsored by the Kangxi Emperor of China. [59] Famed for his Buddhist scholarship he was also referred to as Panchen Gendun Drup, 'Panchen' being an honorary title designating 'great scholar'. China's denigration of the Dalai Lama, their prohibitions on following his teachings and their refusal to allow him to enter Tibet is a common cause of protest in Tibet. [201] This account also corresponds with TJ Norbu's observations above. Within the Buddha's Vehicle there are two major systems of thought and practicethe Individual Vehicle, or Hinayana, and the Universal Vehicle, or Mahayana. The Economist, 21 March 2015 . Both palaces are in Lhasa and approximately 3 km apart. The Dalai Lama is the head monk of Tibetan Buddhism and traditionally was responsible for the governing of Tibet, until the Chinese government took control in 1959. [182] The ambans and their garrison were also reinstated to observe and to some extent supervise affairs, however, although their influence generally waned with the power of their empire which gradually declined after 1792 along with its influence over Tibet, a decline aided by a succession of corrupt or incompetent ambans. [25] In fact, according to the "Birth to Exile" article on the 14th Dalai Lama's website, he is "the seventy-fourth in a lineage that can be traced back to a Brahmin boy who lived in the time of Buddha Shakyamuni. [113], The name "Dalai Lama", by which the lineage later became known throughout the non-Tibetan world, was thus established and it was applied to the first two incarnations retrospectively. [269], In response to this scenario, Tashi Wangdi, the representative of the 14th Dalai Lama, replied that the Chinese government's selection would be meaningless. Over this period his health had deteriorated, the implication being that he may have suffered from slow poisoning by Tibetan aristocrats whose interests these reforms were threatening. [243] In 2001 the 14th Dalai Lama ceded his partial power over the government to an elected parliament of selected Tibetan exiles. In this book, Glenn Mullin offers the life stories of all 14 Dalai Lamas in one volume for the first time. He has also included excerpts from their teachings, poetry, and other writings that illuminate the principles of Tibetan Buddhism. [34] The 3rd built on his predecessors' fame by becoming Abbot of the two great monasteries of Drepung and Sera. He is better known as the Dalai Lama, to be precise, the 14th holder of the title of Dalai Lama. For the Kangxi Emperor however, the alliance between the Dzungar Mongols and the Tibetans was unsettling because he feared it had the potential to unite all the other Mongol tribes together against the Qing Empire, including those tribes who had already submitted. He then instituted a custom whereby on the last day of Monlam, all the monks would work on strengthening the flood defences. According to Mullin, Smith and Shakabpa however, the 12th Dalai Lama's Regent, Reting Rinpoche, was deposed in 1862 in a coup by Gyalpo Shetra and Tibet was ruled by despots or assemblies of abbots and ministers for the next eleven years, that is until 1873 when the 12th Dalai Lama assumed power. [154] The regent was then murdered by Lhazang or his wife, and, in 1706 with the compliance of the Kangxi Emperor the Sixth Dalai Lama was deposed and arrested by Lhazang who considered him to be an impostor set up by the regent. [241][242], With the aim of launching guerrilla operations against the Chinese, the Central Intelligence Agency funded the Dalai Lama's administration with US$1.7 million a year in the 1960s. [62] Through hard work he became a leading lama, known as 'Perfecter of the Monkhood', 'with a host of disciples'. In addition to meditative practices for enhancing one's realization of emptiness and bodhicitta, this system also includes certain advanced techniques for utilizing the various elements of the physical body in one's meditative practice. His Holiness explaination is very clear and concise. Six of those arrested have been identified while details of around 30 others are yet to be ascertained. Under his leadership, the sect went on growing in size and influence[79] and with its appeal of simplicity, devotion and austerity its lamas were asked to mediate in disputes between other rivals. Along with some of the Kokonor Mongol princes, rivals of Lhazang, in defiance of the situation in Lhasa the Tibetans of Kham duly recognised him as the Seventh Dalai Lama in 1712, retaining his birth-name of Kelzang Gyatso. In 1525, already abbot of Chokhorgyel, Drepung and Tashilhunpo, he was made abbot of Sera monastery as well, and seeing the number of monks was low he worked to increase it. [30] The 2nd studied there before returning to Lhasa,[27] where he became Abbot of Drepung. [161] The Sixth Dalai Lama was taken to Amdo at the age of 8 to be installed in Kumbum Monastery with great pomp and ceremony. [16]: 23, In Central Asian Buddhist countries, it has been widely believed for the last millennium that Avalokiteśvara, the bodhisattva of compassion, has a special relationship with the people of Tibet and intervenes in their fate by incarnating as benevolent rulers and teachers such as the Dalai Lamas. [263], The government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has claimed the power to approve the naming of "high" reincarnations in Tibet, based on a precedent set by the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty. There had been resistance, since first he was ordained a monk in the Kadampa tradition[33] and for various reasons, for hundreds of years the Kadampa school had eschewed the adoption of the tulku system to which the older schools adhered. All documents sent for the country's important ceremonies must be stamped with this seal, and all the other reports can be stamped with the original seal. He pretended the Dalai Lama was in retreat and ruled on his behalf, secretly selecting the 6th Dalai Lama and presenting him as someone else. Kann ich nur waermstens weiterempfehlen! [226] Shakabpa on the other hand, without citing sources, notes that Trinley Gyatso was influenced and manipulated by two close acquaintances who were subsequently accused of having a hand in his fatal illness and imprisoned, tortured and exiled as a result. The teachings of the fourteenth Dalai Lama, recipient of the 1989 Nobel Peace Prize, are presented in two parts: "The Path of the Bodhisattva," concerning "the mind of awakening;" and "The Key of Madhyamika," specifically addressing the ... He did recognize him in 1710, however, after sending a Qing official party to assist Lhazang in 'restoring order'; these were the first Chinese representatives of any sort to officiate in Tibet. [211][212], Like the Seventh Dalai Lama, the Tenth, Tsultrim Gyatso, was born in Lithang, Kham, where the Third Dalai Lama had built a monastery. He came to the notice of the search team, was investigated, passed the traditional tests and was recognised as the 12th Dalai Lama in 1858. [148], The time of the Fifth Dalai Lama, who reigned from 1642 to 1682 and founded the government known as the Ganden Phodrang, was a period of rich cultural development. His Holiness' talks collected in this book offer a great introduction to the "World of Tibetan Buddhism", that is, the view from the Tibetan way of doing / being Buddhist. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989 and continues to travel the world giving teachings on spiritual and ethical issues. With his advancing age, the question of who will succeed him has become more pressing. p. cm. Therefore, in 1674, the Kangxi Emperor, annoyed by the Fifth's less than full cooperation in quelling a rebellion against the Qing in Yunnan, ceased deferring to him as regards Mongol affairs and started dealing with them directly. Their emptied lands were then awarded to other peoples. [104] In 1569, at age 26, he went to Tashilhunpo to study the layout and administration of the monastery built by his predecessor Gendun Drup. He's believed to be the 14th reincarnation of the Bodhisattva of Compassion, an enlightened being that has chosen to be reborn so he can serve mankind. Reviewed in the United States on December 12, 2016. [245], In 2014 and 2016, he stated that Tibet wants to be part of China but China should let Tibet preserve its culture and script. This item cannot be shipped to your selected delivery location. These are the chants you will hear, “Dalai Lama, stop lying!” and, “Dalai Lama give religious freedom!”. " The essays in this volume shed light on that fascinating life . . . painting the portrait of a tireless champion of compassion, altruism, and peace who is both deeply spiritual and disarmingly human. In this astonishingly frank autobiography, the Dalai Lama reveals the remarkable inner strength that allowed him to master both the mysteries of Tibetan Buddhism and the brutal realities of Chinese Communism. [196] At the age of 23 he was persuaded to assume the throne as ruler of Tibet with a Regent to assist him and after three years of this, when the Regent went to Beijing as ambassador in 1784, he continued to rule solo for a further four years. A principal difference between the Individual Vehicle and the Universal Vehicle exists in their views on the Buddhist doctrine of selflessness and the scope of its application. This arrangement, with a Kashag under the Dalai Lama or his regent, outlasted the Qing dynasty which collapsed in 1912. Reka Gawa, owner of the café and a daughter of Tibetan refugees, launched a fundraiser to purchase the shop she has rented since 2007. The Chinese were disappointed when he did not die like his predecessors, and he was to live long enough to give them much more cause for regret. Such systems emphasize the importance of maintaining an ethically sound lifestyle--grounded in refraining from engaging in negative actions- -since leading a life of righteousness and good behavior is perceived to be the most crucial factor for ensuring a favorable rebirth. Members of the community of Buddhists who follow Shugden claim that he has banned their religious practice and that they suffer from discrimination. [120] He attacked Choghtu Khong Tayiji at Kokonor in 1637 and defeated and killed him, thus eliminating the Tsangpa and the Karmapa's main Mongol patron and protector. It was the ambition and greed for power of Tibetans that led to five successive Dalai Lamas being subjected to continuous tutelage. He died on the way, in 1634[128] but his vassal Choghtu Khong Tayiji, continued to advance against the Gelugpas, even having his own son Arslan killed after Arslan changed sides, submitted to the Dalai Lama and become a Gelugpa monk. Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations, Select the department you want to search in. A reading of Tibet’s history suggests a somewhat different picture. Interpreted in this way, the principle of selflessness acquires greater profundity. Invited to become the Abbot he declined, already being Abbot of Drepung and Sera, but left his deputy there in his stead. [31] This strong connection caused the Mongols to zealously support the Gelugpa sect in Tibet, strengthening their status and position but also arousing intensified opposition from the Gelugpa's rivals, particularly the Tsang Karma Kagyu in Shigatse and their Mongolian patrons and the Bönpo in Kham and their allies. The common Western usage of … As readers explore Tibetan Buddhism more fully than ever before, they will find in His Holiness a great friend and authority. Tibet forms a natural divide between two ancient civilizations-India and China. In the 17th century, the Gelug (also spelled Geluk) school became the most powerful institution in Tibet, and it remained so until China took control of Tibet in the 1950s. In other words, the Universal Vehicle system understands selflessness as a universal principle. The book also includes a glossary of selected Buddhist terms as well as an excellent bibliography and index. [156] At the same time, while this puppet 'Dalai Lama' had no political power, the Kangxi Emperor secured from Lhazang Khan in return for this support the promise of regular payments of tribute; this was the first time tribute had been paid to the Manchu by the Mongols in Tibet and the first overt acknowledgment of Qing supremacy over Mongol rule in Tibet. By 1641 he had defeated Donyo Dorje and his allies in Kham and then he marched on Shigatse where after laying siege to their strongholds he defeated Karma Tenkyong, broke the power of the Tsang Karma Kagyu in 1642 and ended the Tsangpa dynasty. This line goes back to 1391. [47], Gendun Gyatso died in 1542 and the lineage of Dalai Lama tulkus finally became firmly established when the third incarnation, Sonam Gyatso (1543–1588), came forth. ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ yon tan rgya mtsho. The 13th Dalai Lama returned from his exile in India to resume his temporal and spiritual functions as the God-king of an independent Tibet in January 1913, after the exit of the Chinese. Rate this book. [264] The Qianlong Emperor instituted a system of selecting the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama by a lottery that used a Golden Urn with names wrapped in clumps of barley. Sakyong, i.e. In the face of credible threats to his life at the hands of the Chinese invaders, the Dalai Lama was forced to flee Tibet on the night of March 17, 1959. Panchen Lama Gyaltsen Norbu Fake head of Tibetan Buddhism, chosen by the (anti-religion!) The goal is to change the very core of Tibetan Buddhism by generating confusion about the Dalai Lama and his leadership, and eventually to dismantle his legacy as a “paramount national leader,” Anand said. The Panchen Lama was only six years old at the time of his kidnapping. [120] At the age of 10 with a large Mongol escort he travelled to Lhasa where he was enthroned. The Dalai Lama is also considered to be the successor in a line of tulkus who are believed[2] to be incarnations of Avalokiteśvara,[1] the Bodhisattva of Compassion. The goal, Anand says, is to change the very core of Tibetan Buddhism by generating confusion about the Dalai Lama and his leadership, and eventually to dismantle his legacy as a “paramount national leader.” China has meanwhile sought to elevate other spiritual figures, particularly Tibetan Buddhism’s second ranking figure, the Panchen Lama. [19], This lineage has been extrapolated by Tibetans up to and including the Dalai Lamas. However, Nyima was abducted by the Chinese government shortly after being chosen as the Panchen Lama and has not been seen in public since 1995. [103] His popularity and renown became such that in 1564 when the Nedong King died, it was Sonam Gyatso at the age of 21 who was requested to lead his funeral rites, rather than his own Kagyu lamas. [255][273] According to Robert D. Kaplan, this could mean that "the next Dalai Lama might come from the Tibetan cultural belt that stretches across northern India, Nepal, and Bhutan, presumably making him even more pro-Indian and anti-Chinese". At the request of the Ningxia Governor he had been teaching large gatherings of people from East Turkestan, Mongolia and nearby areas of China, with interpreters provided by the governor for each language. [150] The most dynamic and prolific of the early Dalai Lamas, he composed more literary works than all the other Dalai Lamas combined. Suzuki (Daisetsu Suzuki, 1870-1966), who almost single-handedly promoted Japanese Zen to global audience as he wrote some critical pieces … The Communist Party has repressed ethnic Tibetan people for decades and lately intensified programs to control Tibetan Buddhism. Finally, from the Buddhist point of view, Mullin says, "Simply stated, these four Dalai Lamas died young because the world did not have enough good karma to deserve their presence".[199]. The Dalai Lama has provided a lucid and profound yet eminently readable introduction to this subject. To celebrate the Dalai Lama's 86th birthday, and his decades of work for human rights, justice, and peace, a … His residence on the Temple Road in McLeod Ganj is called the Dalai Lama Temple and is visited by people from across the globe. HH the Dalai Lama has a reputation for teaching Buddhist philosophies in a way that people from the west can understand and this book is no exception. 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