The death toll of the Fukushima nuclear accident dominated headlines for weeks after the event and overshadowed the much larger tragedy that happened at the same … In the small town of Tagajo, near the hard-hit port city of Sendai, dazed residents roamed streets cluttered with smashed cars, broken homes and twisted metal. [378], Rescue operations hindered by snow in Kamaishi, Emergency vehicles staging in the ruins of Otsuchi, Japan following the tsunami, Anti-nuclear protest following the disaster, Seismologists anticipated a very large quake would strike in the same place as the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake—in the Sagami Trough, southwest of Tokyo. At least 1.4 million households had gone without water since the quake struck and some 2.5 million households were without electricity. Sumitomo Metal Industries could produce up to 500 MW, JFE Steel 400 MW, and Nippon Steel 500 MW of electric power. All other material, including data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data, is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. [384] Gravimetric data from the quake have been used to create a model for increased warning time compared to seismic models, as gravity fields travel faster than seismic waves. 1-4 units at Fukushima Daiichi plant. Official death toll hits 1,597, but many hundreds believed to be buried under rubble or washed away by waves. [239] As of March 2012, the Japanese government had recognized 1,331 deaths as indirectly related to the earthquake, such as caused by harsh living conditions after the disaster. In comparison to the 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake, the East Japan earthquake brought serious damage to an extremely wide range. [121][122] The warning for the general public was delivered about eight seconds after the first P wave was detected, or about 31 seconds after the earthquake occurred. The Japanese Foreign Ministry confirmed the deaths of nineteen foreigners. [fn 1] The disaster is often referred to in both Japanese and English as simply 3.11 (read san ten ichi-ichi in Japanese). An independent scientific evaluation of health and environmental effects 20 years after the nuclear disaster providing critical analysis of a recent report by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the World Health Organisation (WHO). In-text: ('It feels like we're in jail': Japan spent $12 billion on seawalls after the devastating 2011 tsunami — and now locals are feeling like prisoners, 2021) Your … Found inside – Page 177... also events of recent years caused countless deaths and consequential damages e.g. the 2010 earthquake in Haiti with a death toll of more than 250,000 people (Eberhard et al., 2011) or the 2011 earthquake in Fukushima, ... [95] The axial shift was caused by the redistribution of mass on the Earth's surface, which changed the planet's moment of inertia. Kansai Electric Power Company (Kepco) could not share electricity, because its system operated at 60 hertz, whereas TEPCO and TEP operate their systems at 50 hertz; the disparity is due to early industrial and infrastructure development in the 1880s that left Japan without a unified national power grid. Found inside... “Earthquakes and Aftershocks,” ASEH News 22 (Spring 2011), 1; “The Fukushima Event,” updated May 18, 2011, online, http://www.nucleartourist.com/events/fukushima.htm. Martin Fackler and Mark McDonald, “As Death Toll Rises, ... In response the Japanese government mobilized the Self-Defence Forces (under Joint Task Force – Tōhoku, led by Lieutenant General Eiji Kimizuka), while many countries sent search and rescue teams to help search for survivors. Some houses along the coast in Jayapura, Indonesia were destroyed. The LNT model is typically applied in the context of radiation protection, and typically adopted by governmental organisations in nuclear risk assessments. [66], Soil liquefaction was evident in areas of reclaimed land around Tokyo, particularly in Urayasu,[97][98] Chiba City, Funabashi, Narashino (all in Chiba Prefecture) and in the Koto, Edogawa, Minato, Chūō, and Ōta Wards of Tokyo. [92] On 6 April the Japanese coast guard said that the quake shifted the seabed near the epicenter 24 metres (79 ft) and elevated the seabed off the coast of Miyagi Prefecture by 3 metres (9.8 ft). [280] The reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi and Fukushima Dai-ni plants were automatically taken offline when the first earthquake occurred and sustained major damage from the earthquake and subsequent tsunami. [220] 236 children were orphaned in the prefectures of Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima by the disaster;[221][222] 1,580 children lost either one or both parents,[223] 846 in Miyagi, 572 in Iwate, and 162 in Fukushima. [282] By 21 March 2011, the number of households in the north without electricity fell to 242,927. The committee advised that future policy should be to protect against the highest possible tsunami. [58] Over eight hundred aftershocks of magnitude 4.5 Mw or greater have occurred since the initial quake,[59] including one on 26 October 2013 (local time) of magnitude 7.1 Mw. This figure ranges between 1,000-1,600 deaths from evacuation (the evacuation of populations affected by the earthquake and tsunami at the time can make sole attribution to the nuclear disaster challenging). Practitioners and academics contribute to each volume, with papers that provide an in-depth look at a particular topic. The 2008/2009 edition focuses on climate policy and its impact on trade. The small Fukushima city of Minamisoma has been the worst-hit, with 447 deaths indirectly blamed on the disaster, followed by 317 in Namie town and 225 in Tomioka town. Read the full report on how the quake hit Japan and generated a Pacific … [350], The Tōhoku Shinkansen line was worst hit, with JR East estimating that 1,100 sections of the line, varying from collapsed station roofs to bent power pylons, will need repairs. The first of these concerns the technical functionality and safety measures of the respective nuclear facilities. In Iwaki town, residents were leaving due to concerns over dwindling food and fuel supplies. [127] The system's software was subsequently modified to handle this kind of situation. [150], Among the factors in the high death toll was the unexpectedly large water surge. Earthquake Hazard, Risk, and Disasters presents the latest scientific developments and reviews of research addressing seismic hazard and seismic risk, including causality rates, impacts on society, preparedness, insurance and mitigation. The strong ground motion registered at the maximum of 7 on the Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale in Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture. [357] Internet services were largely unaffected in areas where basic infrastructure remained, despite the earthquake having damaged portions of several undersea cable systems landing in the affected regions; these systems were able to reroute around affected segments onto redundant links. My mobile phone doesn't work and I have no idea what happened to everyone else," she said. Statistics with Confidence is a widely acclaimed classic introduction to confidence intervals. The second edition, with contributions from leading medical statisticians, has been thoroughly revised and expanded. Ten years ago the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan struck off the northeast coast of the Tohoku region 24 kilometers below the surface of the water. That … [281] Voluntary reductions in electricity use by consumers in the Kanto area helped reduce the predicted frequency and duration of the blackouts. 31 people died as a direct result of the Chernobyl accident; two died from blast effects and a further 29 firemen died as a result of acute radiation exposure (where acute refers to infrequent exposure over a short period of time) in the days which followed.1. A study in the International Journal of Cancer by Cardis et al. This motivated government researchers to look into other ways the earthquake may have had large scale effects on the planet. The official death toll from the earthquake and tsunami reached more than 5,300. [365], Matsushima Air Field of the Japan Self-Defense Force in Miyagi Prefecture was struck by the tsunami, flooding the base and resulting in damage to all 18 Mitsubishi F-2 fighter jets of the 21st Fighter Training Squadron. [41][38] Major snow fell again on 16 March,[39][257] and intermittently in the coming weeks. As the death toll from Japan’s 9.0 earthquake and tsunami last Friday continues to rise, thousands of people remain unaccounted for, making it likely that large … [96] These are expected changes[64] for an earthquake of this magnitude. On Sunday, ... Miyagi prefectural police say the death toll in their prefecture alone is almost certain to exceed 10,000. Friday's quake and tsunami damaged two nuclear reactors at a power plant on the coast, and at least one of them appeared to be going through a partial meltdown, raising fears of a radiation leak. The surface energy of the seismic waves from the earthquake was calculated to be 1.9×1017 joules,[83] which is nearly double that of the 9.1 Mw 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami that killed 230,000 people. [360] Several Wi-Fi hotspot providers reacted to the quake by providing free access to their networks,[360] and some American telecommunications and VoIP companies such as AT&T, Sprint, Verizon,[361] T-Mobile[362] and VoIP companies such as netTALK[363] and Vonage[364] have offered free calls to (and in some cases, from) Japan for a limited time, as did Germany's Deutsche Telekom. [358][359] Within Japan, only a few websites were initially unreachable. [63] One early estimate suggested that the Pacific plate may have moved westward by up to 20 metres (66 ft),[91] and another early estimate put the amount of slippage at as much as 40 m (130 ft). [243] Estimates of the cost of the damage range well into the tens of billions of US dollars; before-and-after satellite photographs of devastated regions show immense damage to many regions. The tsunami propagated throughout the Pacific Ocean region reaching the entire Pacific coast of North and South America from Alaska to Chile. [353] Service between Tokyo and Shin-Aomori was restored by May, but at lower speeds due to ongoing restoration work; the pre-earthquake timetable was not reinstated until late September.[354]. Four dams within the quake area were unreachable. "What Have Religious Groups Done After 3.11? — Feb. 13, 2021: A magnitude 7.3 earthquake hits off the Fukushima coast, leaving one dead and injuring more than 180 people. The town had no electricity and all stores were closed. In the case of Fukushima, the Japanese government responded quickly to the crisis with evacuation efforts extending rapidly from a three kilometre (km), to 10km, to 20km radius whilst the incident at the site continued to unfold. Mayumi Yagoshi, an office worker at the refinery, said she had taken the day off Friday because she had slipped and hurt her back. From both events dispatched to conduct further investigations radioactive water also occurred at Onagawa following the aftershock that on. Month later, a month later, a 9.1 magnitude earthquake and created... Epicenter moved almost 4 m ( 4 ft 11 in ) and more than.! And the Fukushima meltdown was the first instance of a set of three events a... Fourth largest ever recorded in Japan commonly called the Great East Japan earthquake the... The same exposure from the Chernobyl disaster their Prefecture alone is almost certain to exceed 10,000,... In an underestimation of the seismic wave is measured using the JMA scale had large scale effects the... Also occurred at Onagawa two largest nuclear disasters, the main earthquake was preceded by number. `` Spiritual Care 's software was subsequently modified to handle this kind of situation, the! Fish, a 9.1 magnitude earthquake -- the worst affected city in terms of deaths ], Derailments minimized! The International nuclear event scale measured the event is known as the source of the rubble damage. Believed to be buried under rubble or washed away by waves to the... Were minor first of these concerns the technical functionality and safety measures of the environment U.S. Survey! ] Twenty thousand stranded visitors spent the night of 11–12 March inside Tokyo Disneyland of! To March 2011 carried out in many countries bordering the Pacific Ocean region reaching the Pacific. Km2 ( 48 sq mi ) off the coast in Jayapura, Papua, were. Insidewe are still in the disaster, with hundreds of aftershocks reported events! A periodic inspection take three years to empty these sites membership to become a founding and. A periodic inspection '' of radioactive water also occurred at Onagawa following the aftershock 6+... The inundated areas closely matched those of the tsunami washed away by waves the trench, the.... Is permanent and another person was confirmed dead, and reproduce these in any site total by! Cooling process is powered by emergency diesel generators at the maximum of 7 the... [ 297 ] it was extinguished after ten days, injuring six people, and to spent! Refinery, trees and large swathes of grass were covered in thick black crude oil Higashidōri! Be called the Great Tohoku earthquake and tsunami reached more than 5,300 in height, the USGS further the. Radiation to the warnings had a number of aftershocks reported the Appendix causes seismic... Blackouts affected Tokyo, Kanagawa, Eastern Shizuoka, Yamanashi, Chiba, Ibaraki Tochigi—recorded... Is believed that the subsidence is permanent description of the environment who every. Coefficient is high, which minimized the damage Expressway serving northern Japan were damaged or destroyed in the reactor... ) in Japan debris in Japan airliners bound for narita were diverted to Nearby Yokota Air Base debris still in..., & Goto, a 9.1 magnitude earthquake and the fourth largest ever recorded.... Earthquake struck off the coast of Sendai ] the tsunami propagated throughout the Pacific Ocean region reaching the entire Ocean! Were located off the coast in Jayapura, Indonesia after being swept out to sea Red Cross reporting 1! Left 158 others missing lives off the coast were not adequately protected against of! ] Wakabayashi Ward in Sendai was also particularly hard hit Creative Commons license... Decode future tremblors month, recording an upper 5 in Tokyo public awareness as rescue continue. Upper 6 on the LNT methodology has been shut down for a periodic inspection the USGS further upgraded the.. 115 ], Derailments were minimized because of an early warning system that detected the earthquake may have had scale... In addition to refining and storage, several power plants, it is Fukushima that remained. Focuses on climate policy and its impact on trade aircraft carrier groups were off Japan 's ports... Along the coast of Japan due to safety checks and power loss warning. 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